reading 1-2 words on a mobile phone, smartwatch, or car dashboard). One other note with the studies cited in the article is that the studies focused on 'glanceable' reading (i.e. For applications which provide long-form reading (books, articles, even news sites), dark mode options are recommended.Providing a dark mode though is still recommended though becomes of the potential long-term effects with light mode, some visual impairments perform better in dark mode, and some users simply prefer it.Increased font-size in dark mode doesn't offset the gains from light-mode.Long-term exposure may be result in myopia. While light mode performs better, those gain seem to be more short-term.In general, light mode leads to better performance most of the time for users with normal or corrected-to-normal vision.Though they did note one caveat that this study used CRT displays instead of LEDs displays. In LeggeвЂ™s study, each of the 7 participants with cloudy ocular media had better reading rates with dark modes, whereas the rest of the participants, who had impaired central vision, were not affected by contrast polarity. The research did find though that dark mode seemed to be beneficial for users with impaired vision: However, the difference between light mode and dark mode in the visual-acuity task was smaller for older adults than for younger adults - meaning that, although light mode was better for older adults, too, they did not benefit from it as much as younger adults, at least in the visual-acuity task. Their results showed that light mode won across all dimensions: irrespective of age, the positive contrast polarity was better for both visual-acuity tasks and for proofreading tasks. None of the participants suffered from any eye diseases (e.g., cataract). A couple key findings in the article:Д¬osima Piepenbrock and her colleagues at the Institut fГјr Experimentelle Psychologie in DГјsseldorf, Germany studied two groups of adults with normal (or corrected-to-normal) vision: young adults (18 to 33 years old) and older adults (60 to 85 years old). Light Mode: Which Is Better?', brings some more research to this topic. Also you can mitigate the straining effects of white (#FFF) on black (#000) by simply lessening the contrast like using a light gray (#EEE, #DDD, #CCC) on a dark background (#111, #222).ДЄ new article from the Nielsen Norman Group entitled, 'Dark Mode vs. Now there seem to be varying factors into contrast and legibility. Jason Harrison вЂ“ Post Doctoral Fellow, Imager Lab Manager вЂ“ Sensory Perception and Interaction Research Group, University of British Columbia Part of this has to do with light levels: with a bright display (white background) the iris closes a bit more, decreasing the effect of the 'deformed' lens with a dark display (black background) the iris opens to receive more light and the deformation of the lens creates a much fuzzier focus at the eye. People with astigmatism (approximately 50% of the population) find it harder to read white text on black than black text on white. When using a dark background with strong light letter forms, the iris opens to allow more light in, but that causes letter forms to blur. Since the eye is focused, dark letter forms on light backgrounds are easier to read. As this article on UXMovement states, 'white stimulates all three types of color sensitive visual receptors in the human eye in nearly equal amounts.' It causes the eye to focus by tightening the iris. The reason why this matters is because of focus. Vigliani (Eds.), Ergonomic Aspects of Visual Display Terminals (pp. Improving the legibility of visual display units through contrast reversal. For example, Bauer and Cavonius (1980) found that participants were 26% more accurate in reading text when they read it with dark characters on a light background. However, most studies have shown that dark characters on a light background are superior to light characters on a dark background (when the refresh rate is fairly high). There has been a lot of research on this topic since the 1980s and a lot of it still holds true today.

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